Mental Illness in Shakespeares Works - 1371 Words

Throughout Shakespeare’s many works, mental illnesses have played an undeniable part in many of them, especially his tragedies. From Lady Macbeth hallucination of a bloody spot leading to her suicide, to Hamlet’s faked illness and Ophelia’s very real illness, afflictions of the mind are featured prominently in the Bard of Avalon’s many works. Still, in the Elizabethan era, understanding of mental illness was rudimentary at best, as were the methods of treating it. During the Middle Ages and Elizabethan Era, numerous theories about mental disorders and how to treat them abounded. Three plays of Shakespeare’s that feature mental illness most prominently are King Lear, Hamlet, and Macbeth, while also managing to showcase the conception of†¦show more content†¦However, Hamlet proceeds to murder and hide the body of Polonius, which leads to Ophelia’s insanity and the scene where everyone dies, as well as the completely senseless murders o f minor characters Guildenstern and Rosencrantz. Speaking of Ophelia’s madness, it becomes apparent to the audience that she is well and truly insane, when she enters, singing, â€Å"They bore him barefaced on the bier;/Hey non nonny, nonny, hey nonny;/And in his grave raind many a tear:--/Fare you well, my dove!† which, even by the archaic standards of Shakespeare, is complete and utter nonsense. Ophelia, apparently, due to rejection by Hamlet, her boyfriend, and the death of her father, had become hysterical, possibly having PTSD. PTSD, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, is a mental disease commonly found among soldiers, but can be caused by the murders of close family members, and does result in delusions. Whatever the case may have been, Ophelia later commits suicide by drowning herself in the river, possibly due to delusions, or out of depression over her father’s death. Whatever the case may be, both Hamlet and Ophelia are prime examples of insanity and ma dness within Shakespeare’s writings. Finally, Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s shortest and bloodiest works, is near infamous for its main characters, the Lord and Lady Macbeth, both of whom happen to be insane. The first instinence of MacbethShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Macbeth And Macbeth1510 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare portrayed mental illnesses in Macbeth fairly accurately. The characters in the tragedy of Macbeth show many characteristics and warning signs of mental disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia and depression. Since there is scarce evidence of medical testing and research with the mind during the 1500s and 1600s, Shakespeare most likely didn’t understand that the way he portrayed the character’s actions are characteristics for certain diagnosed mental disorders. TheRead MorePsychoanalysis Of Hamlet1171 Words   |  5 PagesPsychoanalysis of Shakespeare’s Hamlet In the world of literature, drama is one of the more subconsciously relatable and personable subgenres. Fiction and poetry may convey common events or stories, but drama uniquely presents them before the audience’s eyes, where every detail is analyzed and absorbed. Because drama is physically portrayed through actors, the audience members process body language and physical aspects of the stage in conjunction with the spoken script, to piece together individualRead More Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesIago in Othello  Ã‚      In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello we see a morally depraved character, perhaps a very mentally sick individual, named Iago. His personality and development during the play is the subject of this essay. In Shakespeare’s Four Giants Blanche Coles comments on the mental illness that appears to afflict the despicable Iago: When such old time critics as H. N. Hudson, who wrote nearly a hundred years ago, saw that Iago was not acting from revenge, one is moreRead MoreEssay about King Lear and Madness in the Renaissance1547 Words   |  7 PagesKing Lear and Madness in the Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has been demonstrated that Shakespeares portrayal of madness parallels Brights A Treatise of Melancholie (Wilson 309-20), yet, the medical model alone is insufficient to describe the madness of Shakespeare’ s King Lear. Shakespeare was not limited to a single book in his understanding of madness; he had at his disposal the sum total of his societys understanding of the issue. Since Lears madness is derived from a mixture of sources,Read MoreMacbeth Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Macbeth undergoes many psychological tribulations. There is no doubt that he is insane, but the specifics of his conditions help explain the peculiarities of the play. Macbeth’s character was perhaps the culmination of all the psychological disorders known at Shakespeare’s day. He experienced disorders such as split personality, schizophrenia, and post traumatic stress. These disorders could be caused by stress on the battlefield and a poor spousalRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth, The Tale Of One Man s Ambition And Insanity1498 Words   |  6 Pagesan offender, while others are hard wired into the brain. It isn t always possible to tell, or prevent a future criminal from developing, but by understanding the multiple causes, it becomes easier to understand a criminal’s thought process. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the tale of one man’s ambition and insanity is painted through a web of tragedy. His ambit ion prompts him to murder, lie, and conspire against others, while the influence of his wife plays a role in his ever so near future. Her pressureRead MoreMacbeth Mental Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesobservation information from many resources such as doctor, psychiatrist, prison guards, and the dictionary. And overall I would find them very resourceful. In Shakespeare’s play Macbeth there is clearly some mental issues that the main character Macbeth battles between himself, early on in the beginning of the tragedy a side of gruesome is explained when the captain states â€Å"which nev’r shook hands, nor blade farewell to him, till he unseamedRead MoreDreams: Nightmares the Myths Facts About It!1393 Words   |  6 Pagesunfinished situations until we work through the guilt or anxiety. Freud called this a repetition compulsion. This pattern is illustrated vividly in Shakespeares Macbeth. When Lady Macbeth encourages Macbeth to murder the kind, at first she seems untroubled by her part in the murder. But her guilt shows itself in a nightmare, which finally made her lose her mind. There is also physical illness that might produce nightmare. Although it is unclear whether illness itself or the stress that accompaniesRead MoreEssay on Macbeth was Sane1049 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause he understood the significance of his thoughts and felt guilt over them.   This guilt would not be present in a crazy man because a crazy man kills without remorse.    Another important matter to discuss in determining Macbeths mental state is Macbeths hallucinations.   In my professional opinion, these hallucinations were not the result of insanity.   I feel that they were manifestations of the stress Macbeth was feeling.   In no way do they suggest that Macbeth was insane.  Read More Shakespeares Othello - Iago Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesOthello’s Iago  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   We find in William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello an example of personified evil. He is the general’s ancient, Iago, and he wreaks havoc and destruction on all those under his influence.    Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello† comment on how the character of Iago is the wholly expected type of villain for an Elizabethan audience:      Iago at once captures the attention of the spectator. He is the personification

Personal Planning Paper - 836 Words

Personal Planning Paper Time Analysis Conducting a time analysis was a pretty eye opening experience for me. I analyzed my time from Saturday 6/15 through Friday 6/21. As a family man, the fact that I spend a great deal of my time, over half, during the course of a week working and sleeping is somewhat unsettling (see Figure 1 – Weekly Time Analysis). I spend an average of 55 hours per week working, a minimum of 11 hours each day, 5 days a week. I slept approximately 5-6 hours per night, a total of 40 hours for the week. The combination of the two is about 56.5% of my week’s time. Studying took up around 20 hours or approximately 12 %. I spent 7 hours in my car during the week, which was to and from work for the most part.†¦show more content†¦We are on opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to our respective careers. He has one eye on retirement, while I have one eye on his job, not in a backstabbing way by any means. I am constantly asking him to delegate his duties to me so I can pu t myself in a position to quickly transition from my current position, to his position as Store Manager when the time comes. By constantly listening and observing, while asking the right questions I have found success in my current position to this point, and my boss has found joy in handing much of his duties and responsibilities off to me. While most others within my company seem to be looking to take less off their plates, I’m constantly looking to keep my plate so full it’s at times spilling over the edge. That is what makes me valuable to my company, coupled with the fact I â€Å"build on peoples strengths† (Clifton 1995, pg 9) rather than fix their weaknesses. My Professional Goal My specific professional goal at this point in my career is to â€Å"get Backstage† as we say at Vons. Backstage is another term for the corporate side of the business which differs greatly from the store level or retail side of the business. To obtain a backstage position, one must â€Å"develop the learning gains from work experience† (Miller 1991, pg. 14) and work their way up through the retail ranks. The next step for me is to be promoted to Store Manager. I am currently working with my Store Manager daily to gain theShow MoreRelatedSylllabus Mgt/2301148 Words   |  5 PagesIndividualDecision-Making Process Paper Resource: Ch. 3 of Management: Leading Collaborating in a Competitive World Identify a time in your life when you had to make a personal or professional decision such as buying a home, changing jobs, enrolling in school, or relocating to another state or region. Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you discuss your decision-m aking process. Support your ideas with academic research. Include the following in your paper:  · Describe each step of your processRead MoreEnd Of Life Care Planning Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of Life Care Planning Dilemma Professional Relevance End of Life Care Planning is a controversial topic that is huge dilemma in healthcare. The average Medicare expenditures per person over the last two years of life was $102, 939.00 (Harter, 2015). One quarter of traditional Medicare spending for health care is for services provided to Medicare beneficiaries in their last year of life (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2016). Nurses deal withRead MoreStr 581 Ethics Reflection Paper1378 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Ethics Reflection Paper Ethics Reflection Paper University of Phoenix |Content |General Comments | |The paper explains the role of ethics and |The key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. The content of your | |social responsibility in developing a |write up is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive. 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Regardless of their profit motives or levels of performance, all organizations have a management structure and staff. Even though the organization exists for a certain purpose, such as providing a service or producing a product, the coordinating of these five primary activities are necessary to maintain a responsible approach for mission achievement. In this paper, we will discuss

Pathophysiology of Pneumothorax

Question: Discuss about thePathophysiology of Pneumothorax. Answer: Introduction: Pneumothorax can be defined as the accumulation of air bubbles in between the pleural cavity that disconnects the lungs from the chest wall. General pneumothorax is not fatal and be treated easily unless it approaches tension pneumothorax (Tschopp et al., 2015). Tension pneumothorax is a critical manifestation when the air bubble increases in size forming a one way valve damaging the surrounding tissue exponentially (Porpodis et al., 2014). This report attempts to assess the case of Mr. Leigh Richards, who had a terrifying car crash that resulted into clinical complexities such as a traumatic pneumothoax rapidly escalating towards the tension stage. In this report the pathophysiology of his case will be explained with detailed description of his condition and treatment. Description: The patient in this case study has suffered form an unfortunate accident, while being restrained to a rally car. He was driving a dirt road on high speed when the tree hit a tree and he was trapped inside the car by an intrusion that pinned his leg (Porpodis et al., 2014). The patient soon approached trauma and was unconscious, and the car needed to be cut in order to free his pinned leg, and provide inline extrication. The patient was addressed by SAAS ambulance officers, a CFS crew and MedStar trauma team. Symptoms: In the initial stages the symptoms diagnosed by X-ray and computed tomography, of the patient included, Pleuritic Pain Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural cavity, it usually cause sharp pleurotic pain. The pain is due to the pressure exerted by the air on the lungs and collapsing the lungs (Porpodis et al., 2014). Elevated Respiratory Rate The presence of an air bubble in the pleural cavity interferes with the normal flow of oxygen within the lung, in order to supply enough oxygen, the body compensates by increasing the respiratory rate (Tschopp et al., 2015). Hyper Resonant Lung Sounds In case of a traumatic pneumothorax rapidly approaching tension phase, the jugular venous distention can create hyper resonant lung sounds (Porpodis et al., 2014). Neck Vein Distension due to the rapidly distorting lung functions, the neck vein can appear distorted by the pressure. Deviation in the Trachea in the Injured Site Deviated trachea can also be a part of the symptoms, due the distortion of the wound and the pressure generated in the lungs can deviate the trachea around the injury site (Porpodis et al., 2014). Asymmetric Chest. The inflammation caused by pneumothorax can lead to asymmetry in the chest. Intervention: After the initial observations the patient was recommended immediate UWSD insertion to stabilize his medical condition. The pleural space cavity is a particular that is present as an outer covering to the lungs. The two types of pleura membranes are known as Visceral and the Parietal (Alrajhi, Woo Vaillancourt, 2012). The pleura membrane folds back for forming a two-layered membrane structure. The space in between the two different types of pleural membranes is known as Pleural cavity. It contains the pleural fluid that helps the allowance of the pleurae for sliding effortlessly during ventilation. The insertion of the chest tube can cause difficulty in breathing as well (Alrajab et al., 2013). For the draining of both the fluid and the air,. the number of chest tube increases in number. But in the case of transplantation of lungs, one may require 4 chest tubes for the drainage purpose. The chest tube normally remains as long as it required for draining the fluids from the chest of the patient and it remains attached for monitoring the regular X-rays of the chest for the resolution of the problem (Russo et al. 2015). The patient was suffering from pneumothorax, and for liberating out the gas present inside the pleural membrane of the lungs. He was being given the chest tube so that he does not develop the chronic pneumothorax (Ianniello et al., 2014) Description of UWSD: An underwater seal drain also known as UWSD is a type of drainage canister device that is mainly used for the collection of the drainage material from the thoracic cavity, such as pus, excess water or air. This type of drainage canister consists mainly of three broad chambers that act as a three bottled chamber (Edaigbini et al., 2014). The first chamber mainly collects the fluid only from the chest. The second chamber acts as a valve and does not allows the water to flow to the backward direction back to the chest. It only allows the discharge of the gas to the backward direction that also prevents the entry of it. The third chamber is known as the suction control chamber. The height of the water present here regulates the pressure that is negative in nature that is applied to the system (Benns et al. 2015). Usefulness: The chest tube is a long, hollow, flexible tube that is inserted through the wall of the chest, in between the ribs and the space just inside the pleural or mediastium of the lungs is known as Intercoastal Catheter. It is generally used for removing the fluid or the excess air or the pus from the part of intrathoracic space. It is also known as Intercoastal Catheter (Allen Ganti, 2016). The bubbling through the water column minimizes the rate of the evaporation of the fluid which indicates the suction is in the regulation for the height of the given water column. The newer canisters of the drainage help in the elimination of the waste using a mechanical check valve, in which a mechanical regulator is attached to it for the regulation of the suction pressure (Woodrow, 2013). Systems that follow both the employs are known to be the Dry system, whereas the system that helps in retaining the water is known to be the Wet-dry systems. Effect of UWSD on the Patient: Under water seal drain operation was vital for the patient to successfully avoid tension pneumothorax, and after effective insertion of chest tube the vitals of the patent revived gradually and the manifestation of the disease reduced drastically (Kuhajda et al., 2014). The post operative observation of the patient include after first UWSD insertion, Immediately after UWSD, the Pulse of teh patient increased to 122 beats/ min breathing rate returned to normalcy by elevating the pressure of the air bubble Blood pressure significantly dropped And oxygen saturation returned to 92% as the patient approached relaxed breathing With these observations, it is clear that the vitals of the patient improved after the UWSD, however it was not enough. The cyanosis and shallow breathing can attest to the need of another UWSD insertion in order to completely eradicate the pneumothorax (Ho, 2015). After the insertion of another UWSD, the observations of the patient are, Pulse increased to 90 beats/min Respiratory rate 20breaths/min Blood pressure increased to 114/68mmHg Cardiac sinus rhythm returned to 90beats/min Studies suggest the successful insertion of UWSD followed by adequate pressure suction can help in reviving the normal functionality in the patient that had been previously hindered due to limited oxygen in the body, in case of the patient, pedal pulse returned in the left leg indicating normal cardiac functions Strength returned to right leg along with presence of pedal pulse. Radial pulse returned to left arm indicating cardiac stability once again Radial pulse returned to right arm as well indicating gradual progress of the patient towards recovery (Tschopp et al., 2015) Medication Involved: The treatment of choice in case of a pneumothorax is the insertion of chet tube via under water seal drain, which is explained in detail above. However the degree of such operative measures are determined by the severity of teh symptoms. In this case the patient was exhibiting symptoms taht were raidly leading to a much complicated and dangerous satge of tension pnemothorax, which can be fatal. In such cases, the UWSD operation must be carried out as soon as possible (Tschopp et al., 2015). Tension pneumothorax is a precursor to cardiac arrest and immediate insertion of a chest tube diminishes the risk of cardiac arrest to a large extent. However, small pneumothorax do not require the intervention of a surgery, in such cases, conservatives and aspiration is the first priority (Tschopp et al., 2015). Analgesia however is the absolute necessity for both cases, to relieve the patient from severe pain. As a popular medication for analgesia, fentanyl citrate is the first choice of IV administration. Fentanyl, used as operative premedication, is used in 50-100 mcg/dose or 25/100 mcg/dose in usual. As a general anaesthesia it is used in a much lower dosage. This medication is absorbed through slow diffusion and is absorbed readily; the metabolism of fentanyl is hepatic, through production of a major metabolite. The analgesic properties of the fetanyl drug is almost twice the power of morphine, however, there are some side effects associated with the medication such as Coughing, chest pain, fever, fatigue, headache and painful urination (Hartrick et al., 2016). Conclusion: From the observation of the patient is can be clearly seen that the insertion of chest tube improved the condition of the patient drastically. Immediately after the insertion his pulse improved and his rapid breathing rates also deceased drastically. However with the extreme trauma that the patient underwent in the crash, the condition of the patient was already delicate and the delay in the treatment worsened the conditions further. Hence, it a single insertion event was not sufficient for the patient in order to recover normal functionality in the lungs and eradicate the air bubble from the pleural cavity (Woodrow, 2013). All these factors propagated the need for a second insertion and that could address the symptoms of the patient and prevented his onset to tension pneumothorax that could have been fatal for him. Reference List: Allen, B. R., Ganti, L. (2016). Chest Tube Thoracostomy. In Atlas of Emergency Medicine Procedures (pp. 149-153). Springer New York. Alrajab, S., Youssef, A. M., Akkus, N. I., Caldito, G. (2013). Pleural ultrasonography versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax: review of the literature and meta-analysis.Critical care,17(5), R208. Alrajhi, K., Woo, M. Y., Vaillancourt, C. (2012). Test characteristics of ultrasonography for the detection of pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.CHEST Journal,141(3), 703-708. Benns, M. V., Egger, M. E., Harbrecht, B. G., Franklin, G. A., Smith, J. W., Miller, K. R., ... Richardson, J. D. (2015). Does chest tube location matter? An analysis of chest tube position and the need for secondary interventions. journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 78(2), 386-390. Edaigbini, S. A., Delia, I. Z., Aminu, M. B., Orogade, A. A., Anumenechi, N., Ibrahim, A. D. (2014). Indications and complications of tube thoracostomy with improvised underwater seal bottles.Nigerian Journal of Surgery,20(2), 79-82. Hartrick, C. T., Knapke, D. M., Ding, L., Danesi, H., Jones, J. B. (2016). Fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system versus morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain management following orthopedic surgery: A pooled analysis of randomized, controlled trials.Journal of opioid management,12(1), 37-45. Ho, S. C. (2015). Root Cause of Analysis of Peculiar Response of Pneumothorax to Chest Tube Drainage.Universal Journal of Medical Science,3(4), 87-90. Ianniello, S., Di Giacomo, V., Sessa, B., Miele, V. (2014). First-line sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax in major trauma: accuracy of e-FAST and comparison with multidetector computed tomography. La radiologia medica, 119(9), 674-680. Kuhajda, I., Zarogoulidis, K., Kougioumtzi, I., Huang, H., Li, Q., Dryllis, G., ... Papaiwannou, A. (2014). Tube thoracostomy; chest tube implantation and follow up.Journal of thoracic disease,6(4), S470-S479. Porpodis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Spyratos, D., Domvri, K., Kioumis, I., Angelis, N., ... Tsakiridis, K. (2014). Pneumothorax and asthma.Journal of thoracic disease,6(1), S152-S161. Russo, R. M., Zakaluzny, S. A., Neff, L. P., Grayson, J. K., Hight, R. A., Galante, J. M., Shatz, D. V. (2015). A pilot study of chest tube versus pigtail catheter drainage of acute hemothorax in swine. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 79(6), 1038-1043. Tschopp, J. M., Bintcliffe, O., Astoul, P., Canalis, E., Driesen, P., Janssen, J., ... Waller, D. A. (2015). ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.European respiratory journal,46(2), 321-335. Woodrow, P. (2013). Intrapleural chest drainage.Nursing Standard,27(40), 49-56.

Zain Essay Example

Zain Essay Corporate Governance has many definitions that academic and business professionals defined. However, in simple words, we can understand that governance is a set of processes, customs, policies and laws that control the corporation. Corporate governance is the most important key in business nowadays, mainly after financial crisis. The financial crisis pointed out many corporate governance failures. According to the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), they reported that financial crisis can be connected to failures and weaknesses in corporate governance plans which didnt help a security against uncontrolled risk that was their purpose. Moreover, the author suggests two keys. For example, he suggests providing a wider of the qualified board monitor and strong risk management to financial institutions. He mentioned OECD to re-examine the sufficiency of its corporate governance principles. He came up with those hints because of the weaknesses in corporate. There are some weaknesses. For example, because of the poor corporate governance procedures, the risk management systems have failed. Secondly, boards had agreed a strategy but they didnt keep under observation if this strategy implements or does not. As stated by International Monetary Fund report on the Kuwaiti financial system, on 2004, the report points out, Corporate governance principles have not yet been fully addressed in Kuwait and serious gaps remain. However, according to the Zain Telecommunication Company in Kuwait, Zain believes that companies with expert and positive arrangement to corporate governance are stronger and have a huge record of performance. Moreover, it believes that effective corporate governance has a positive impact on its corporate. For example, a successful corporate governance will improve in long-term their stakeholders and primary serving the public interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Zain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, Zain indicates some corporate governance practices, such as full financial discloser and cross-the board corporate transparency which can benefit from lower borrowing costs. This benefit was obvious in Zains case. For example, they have supported by their relatively debt-free and excellent cash-flow situation at that time. according to Zain site, they mentioned that financial institution provided for their company with US. $ 2. 4 billion bridging loan to enable their obtaining of cartel after that international financial institution have increased Zain with US $ 6 billion after two years. Zains research shows that their investors will pay large premiums for companies with effective corporate governance (up to 30%), and those companies with successful corporate governance have higher price-to-book ratios. Moreover, there are some components of corporate governance. First, Zain has internal audit function. This function is to cover the entire group of Zain organization and is obtaining from outside countries components. The second component is the issuance financial results in a timely and clearly manner. Zain stated that they are in the process of full adopting system of corporate governance based on the principles supported by OECD. The OECD principles of corporate governance became an international benchmark for policy makers, investors, corporations and other stakeholders. OECD provided specific guidance for legislative and regulator. There are some principles which are the following: Financial market stability Investment and economic growth protection and facilitate the shareholders right Recognition the right of stakeholders in creating wealth and jobs effectiveness monitoring of management by the board In addition, Zain believes itself defined by an arrangement to excellence in providing world-class mobile, data services, offering employment and creating business opportunities. Moreover, Zains economic, social and cultural projects have a positive impact on the people. Zain gets corporate social responsibility very sincerely and it has an overconfident record of both adding to and joining in communities. Bibliography Pascal, Andre. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. Paris, France: 1961. Web. http://www. zain. com/muse/obj/lang. default/portal. view/content/About%20us/Zain%20Management/Corporate%20Governance